A few more packages are required for building of Asterisk. Do the following:
# apt-get -y install build-essential libncurses5-dev libcurl3-dev libvorbis-dev libspeex-dev unixodbc unixodbc-dev libiksemel-dev linux-headers-`uname -r`
References:
Installing Asterisk 1.4.x on Debian Linux 4.0 (Etch)
http://www.the-asterisk-book.com/unstable/installation-1.4-debian-4.0.html